EXPLORING TOOMPEA HILL AND CASTLE

Tallinn’s history is a fascinating blend of medieval trade, conquest, and resilience. The city’s origins trace back over 5,000 years, with archaeological evidence of early hunter-fisher communities. By the 11th century, a fortress was established on Toompea Hill, marking the beginning of Tallinn’s strategic importance. In 1219, Danish forces led by King Valdemar II captured the settlement, constructing a stone fortress that laid the foundation for modern Tallinn. The city became a key trading hub when it joined the Hanseatic League in 1285, fostering economic growth and cultural exchange. Over the centuries, Tallinn changed hands multiple times—ruled by the Teutonic Order, Sweden, and Russia, each leaving a distinct architectural and cultural imprint. During the 19th century, Tallinn industrialized, shifting from a medieval stronghold to a modern city. Estonia declared independence in 1918, making Tallinn its capital, but the city endured occupations by both Soviet and German forces during World War II. After regaining independence in 1991, Tallinn emerged as a vibrant European capital, blending its medieval charm with cutting-edge technology and innovation.

Toompea Castle sits atop Toompea Hill in Tallinn, Estonia, and is one of the country's most historically significant landmarks. The site has been a stronghold since at least the 9th century, originally used by Estonian tribes before being taken over by Danish crusaders in 1219. The castle has undergone numerous transformations under various rulers, including the Teutonic Order, Sweden, and Russia, each leaving their architectural imprint. Today, the castle houses the Riigikogu, Estonia’s parliament, and remains a symbol of national independence. The Tall Hermann Tower, standing at 45.6 meters, prominently flies Estonia’s blue, black, and white flag. Visitors can explore the castle grounds and even watch parliamentary sessions from the public gallery if booked in advance. The surrounding area offers stunning views of Tallinn’s Old Town, along with nearby attractions like Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and the Toompea Castle Gardens.

Toompea Hill

Toompea Hill has been a center of power in Tallinn for centuries, rising 20–30 meters above the surrounding cityscape. According to Estonian folklore, the hill was formed over the grave of Kalev, a legendary hero, built by his grieving wife. The hill is home to Toompea Castle, which houses Estonia’s parliament (Riigikogu), and the Tall Hermann Tower, a national symbol flying the Estonian flag. The hill has played a crucial role in Tallinn’s history, evolving from a medieval stronghold into the political heart of Estonia. Historically, Toompea was first fortified in the 10th or 11th century by ancient Estonian tribes, serving as a seasonal stronghold to guard the harbor and marketplace. In 1219, Danish forces led by King Valdemar II captured the hill, constructing a stone fortress that later became Toompea Castle. 

Over the centuries, the site was controlled by the Teutonic Order, Sweden, and Russia, each leaving architectural and cultural influences. During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), Russia took control of Tallinn, and Toompea remained a separate administrative district with special privileges until 1889. Today, it houses Estonia’s parliament (Riigikogu) and remains a symbol of national governance. Today, it offers panoramic views of the city and is part of Tallinn’s UNESCO-listed Old Town.

Kohtuotsa viewing platform

Kohtuotsa viewing platform is on the northern side of Toompea hill. It provides excellent views over the red roofs and towering spires of the Old Town as well as of the gleaming highrise buildings in the new part of the city. In the background is the Gulf of Finland, the port and the Pirita district. Located on the northern side of Toompea Hill, it offers breathtaking sights of Tallinn’s Old Town, with its red rooftops and towering spires, as well as the modern high-rises in the newer part of the city.

The platform is open year-round, making it a great place to visit in any season. It’s particularly stunning at sunset, when the city lights start to glow. In the summer, an outdoor café opens nearby, and the platform occasionally hosts dance evenings. Unforgettable views are guaranteed all year round, in all weather.

Toompea Castle

Toompea Castle is a medieval fortress perched atop Toompea Hill in Tallinn, Estonia. It has been a center of power since at least the 9th century, originally serving as an Estonian stronghold before being taken over by Danish crusaders in 1219. The castle has undergone multiple transformations under the Teutonic Order, Sweden, and Russia, each leaving architectural influences. Today, the castle houses Estonia’s Parliament (Riigikogu), making it a symbol of national governance. One of its most iconic features is Tall Hermann Tower, where Estonia’s blue, black, and white flag is raised daily as a sign of independence. The castle’s Baroque façade, added in the 18th century, contrasts with its medieval origins. 

Visitors can explore the castle grounds, book guided tours, and even watch parliamentary sessions from the public gallery. If you’re planning a visit, the surrounding area offers breathtaking views of Tallinn’s Old Town, along with nearby landmarks like Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and Toompea Castle Gardens.

Kuberneri Garden

Kuberneri Garden, also known as Governor’s Garden, is a historic green space in Tallinn, Estonia, located near Toompea Castle. It was originally laid out in 1773 when the former Toompea fortress was reconstructed for the Estonian Province Government. In 1820, parts of the fortress were demolished, and the area was redesigned into a public beauty garden. During the 19th century, Kuberneri Garden was part of a larger castle front garden, which has since been lost. 

Today, it remains a peaceful retreat with scenic views of Tallinn’s Old Town, making it a popular spot for both locals and visitors.

Alexander  Nevsky Cathedral

The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tallinn is a striking Neo-Byzantine Orthodox church, built between 1894 and 1900 when Estonia was part of the Russian Empire. Designed by Mikhail Preobrazhensky, the cathedral was constructed on Toompea Hill, directly opposite Toompea Castle, as a symbol of Russian influence. The cathedral features five onion domes, each topped with gilded iron crosses, and an ensemble of 11 bells, the largest weighing 16 tons. Inside, it houses three gilded iconostases, with icons painted on copper and zinc plates in Saint Petersburg. The windows are adorned with stained glass, adding to its ornate interior. 

Despite its architectural beauty, the cathedral has been controversial among Estonians, as it was built during a period of Russification. After Estonia regained independence in 1991, the building underwent meticulous restoration. Today, it serves as the primary cathedral of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate.

Why Visit Toompea Hill and Castle

Toompea Hill and Castle are among the most historically significant sites in Tallinn, Estonia. Toompea Castle has been a center of power since the 9th century, evolving under Danish, Teutonic, Swedish, and Russian rule. From Toompea Hill, you get panoramic views of Tallinn’s Old Town, the Gulf of Finland, and beyond. The castle blends medieval fortifications with Baroque elements, showcasing Estonia’s layered history. The area is home to Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Kohtuotsa Viewing Platform, and Kuberneri Garden, making it a perfect spot for exploration. Today, the castle houses Estonia’s Parliament (Riigikogu), making it a symbol of national governance.