Independence Mall in Philadelphia is a treasure trove of American history, often referred to as "America's Most Historic Square Mile." It spans three blocks and is home to iconic landmarks like Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, and the National Constitution Center. The Independence Hall is the birthplace of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution; it's a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-visit for history enthusiasts. View the legendary cracked bell, a symbol of American freedom at the Liberty Bell Center. The National Constitution Center dives into interactive exhibits about the U.S. Constitution. Explore the story of America's fight for independence at the Museum of the American Revolution. Visit the resting place of Benjamin Franklin and other notable figures at Christ Church and Burial Grounds. Many of these sites offer free admission, though some require timed tickets. Guided tours, like those from Free Tours by Foot or GetYourGuide, provide in-depth insights and access to additional landmarks. Here is an in depth guide to the Independence Mall in Philadelphia.
Independence Mall
Independence Mall, part of the Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia, has a fascinating history tied to America's founding. The mall was envisioned in the mid-20th century as a way to preserve and highlight the historic significance of the area surrounding Independence Hall. It was part of a larger urban renewal project to create a space that celebrated American independence. The project began in the 1950s, involving the demolition of older buildings to make way for the three-block open space. The design aimed to provide a clear view of Independence Hall and create a dignified setting for the historic landmarks. Over time, the mall became home to several key attractions, including the Liberty Bell Center, the National Constitution Center, and the Independence Visitor Center. These additions have made it a hub for learning about American history. Today, Independence Mall serves as a gathering place for public events, free speech demonstrations, and cultural programming, while continuing to attract millions of visitors annually.
Independence Hall
Independence Hall in Philadelphia is one of the most significant landmarks in American history. Built between 1732 and 1753, Independence Hall was originally the Pennsylvania State House, housing all three branches of Pennsylvania's colonial government. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence in the Assembly Room of Independence Hall. From May to September 1787, the Constitutional Convention took place here, leading to the drafting and signing of the U.S. Constitution. The Articles of Confederation were adopted here in 1781, and George Washington was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in 1775. In 1979, Independence Hall was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its universal principles of freedom and democracy.
Liberty Bell
The Liberty Bell Center in Philadelphia is home to one of America's most iconic symbols of freedom—the Liberty Bell. The bell was commissioned in 1752 by the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London. It was originally called the State House Bell and was intended for the Pennsylvania State House, now known as Independence Hall. The bell bears the inscription, "Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants Thereof," from Leviticus 25:10. This message has inspired movements for liberty and justice throughout history. The bell cracked upon its first test ring and was recast twice by local craftsmen, John Pass and John Stow. The final crack, which silenced the bell, appeared in the 1840s after decades of use. The Liberty Bell gained prominence as a symbol of liberty in the 1830s, particularly among abolitionists. Today, the Liberty Bell is housed in the Liberty Bell Center, where visitors can view exhibits and learn about its significance.
National Constitution Center
The National Constitution Center in Philadelphia is a unique institution dedicated to the study and celebration of the U.S. Constitution. The idea for the center was first proposed during the Constitution's centennial celebration in 1887. However, it wasn't until the bicentennial in 1987 that the concept gained momentum. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed the Constitution Heritage Act, which officially established the center. The act called for a national institution near Independence Hall to promote constitutional education. Groundbreaking for the center took place on September 17, 2000, marking the 213th anniversary of the Constitution's signing. The location at 525 Arch Street was chosen to honor May 25, the date the Constitutional Convention began in 1787. The center opened its doors on July 4, 2003, offering interactive exhibits, rare documents, and educational programs. It has since become a hub for constitutional education and debate.
Museum of American Revolution
The Museum of the American Revolution in Philadelphia is a captivating destination that brings the story of America's fight for independence to life. The museum was officially founded in 2000, but it opened to the public on April 19, 2017, marking the 242nd anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, which were pivotal in the Revolutionary War. Situated at 101 South Third Street, the museum is in the heart of Philadelphia's historic district, close to landmarks like Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell. The museum houses an impressive collection of Revolutionary-era artifacts, including weapons, personal items, documents, and works of art. One of its most notable exhibits is George Washington's original war tent, which served as his field headquarters during the war. The building was designed by Robert A.M. Stern Architects and features immersive galleries, theaters, and interactive exhibits that engage visitors in the complex events and diverse people of the Revolution.
Christ Church and Burial Grounds
Christ Church and Burial Grounds in Philadelphia are steeped in history and significance. Founded in 1695, this Episcopal church was a spiritual home for many Revolutionary War figures, including George Washington and Benjamin Franklin. It played a pivotal role in early American history and is known for its beautiful Georgian architecture. Established in 1719, the burial grounds are the final resting place of Benjamin Franklin and four other signers of the Declaration of Independence: Benjamin Rush, Francis Hopkinson, Joseph Hewes, and George Ross. The grounds also hold over 4,000 graves, including those of prominent lawyers, medical pioneers, and military heroes. Visitors often leave pennies on Franklin's grave as a tribute, inspired by his famous saying, "A penny saved is a penny earned." The burial grounds are open to the public for a small fee, and guided tours provide insights into the lives of those interred there.
Guided Tours
Exploring America's most historic square mile in Philadelphia is a fantastic way to dive into the nation's founding story.
The Constitutional Walking Tour: This 75-minute, 1.25-mile outdoor walking tour covers over 20 historic sites, including Independence Hall, the Liberty Bell, and the Betsy Ross House. It's a great way to get an overview of Independence National Historical Park.
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Self-Guided Walking Tour: If you prefer flexibility, you can follow a free self-guided walking tour. Embarking on a self-guided tour through Philadelphia’s historic Independence Mall gives you the freedom to explore at your own pace. Highlights to Cover: Independence Hall, Liberty Bell Center, National Constitution Center, Congress Hall, Franklin Court, Betsy Ross House, Christ Church and Burial Grounds. These sites are popular, so arriving in the morning avoids crowds. Use the free maps available at the Independence Visitor Center, or download their app to guide you.
Independence Visitor Center Tours: The Visitor Center offers tickets to various guided tours around Independence Mall, providing insights into the area's history and landmarks.
Why visit America's Most Historic Square Mile?
Visiting Independence Mall is like stepping into the heart of American history—it’s not just a place but a gateway to the story of the nation's founding. It’s home to legendary landmarks like Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution were signed, and the Liberty Bell, a global symbol of freedom. The National Constitution Center and nearby museums offer immersive exhibits that bring pivotal moments of history to life. From the Georgian style of Independence Hall to the modern design of the Constitution Center, the area is a beautiful blend of old and new. Whether you’re learning about Revolutionary War heroes or exploring Franklin Court, it’s a chance to delve deeper into America's roots. With its walkable layout, nearby dining options, and vibrant atmosphere, Independence Mall offers a mix of leisure and discovery.
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